Address Derivation on Initia

Overview

On Initia, importing the same mnemonic into a Cosmos-based wallet (e.g., Keplr, Leap Wallet) and an Ethereum-based wallet (e.g., MetaMask, Rabby) results in different addresses.

Although both wallet types follow HD Wallet standards like BIP32 and BIP44, they use different derivation paths, specifically different coin_type values. This difference leads the wallets to derive distinct private keys and, consequently, different addresses, even when using the same mnemonic.

Example Case

Let’s consider an example where the same mnemonic is imported into MetaMask and Keplr.

Address Derivation Example

Mnemonic:

borrow debate guard coconut chat polar loan stable render hazard true margin crash soon also leopard vehicle impose emotion sea amazing equal parade soldier

Import into MetaMask result in:

• Private Key: a18d5fc426d6f4b72e44c8c0e3e1147508b4a193f901c5dc351c6ca1a5ab52ad
• Hex Address: 0xb658395C73c592695d8de3DF320a15CE1C8d8252
• Bech32(init) Address: init1kevrjhrnckfxjhvdu00nyzs4ecwgmqjjufa7z5

Import into Keplr result in:

• Private Key: f3decd45241fc1a2d4b80f1449140b6cf67faf302b6c0f67f021337470a9c193
• Hex Address: 0x8d9f8c5d0f68ebd45b2d7cf732e56073a4e009ca
• Bech32(init) Address: init13k0cchg0dr4agked0nmn9etqwwjwqzw28u97dr

As you can see, the addresses differ and the chain will recognize them as a completely different addresses.

Key Reason: Derivation Paths

Derivation paths are the core reason why the same mnemonic yields different addresses in different wallets.

BIP44 defines a path structure like this:

m / 44' / coin_type' / account' / change / address_index

• 44' is the BIP44 purpose field.
• coin_type' is a hardened index that identifies the blockchain.
• account', change, address_index specify account details, internal/external chains, and the specific address index.

Different wallets use different coin_type values to derive addresses for different blockchains.

For example, Ethereum-based wallets use 60 as the coin_type value, while Cosmos-based wallets use 118.

How to Derive Addresses

EVM Wallet:

CLI

initiad keys import-hex [key-name] [private-key] --key-type eth_secp256k1

# initiad keys import-hex alice a18d5fc426d6f4b72e44c8c0e3e1147508b4a193f901c5dc351c6ca1a5ab52ad --key-type eth_secp256k1

initiad keys import-hex [key-name] [private-key] --key-type eth_secp256k1

# initiad keys import-hex alice a18d5fc426d6f4b72e44c8c0e3e1147508b4a193f901c5dc351c6ca1a5ab52ad --key-type eth_secp256k1

import { mnemonicToSeedSync } from 'bip39'
import * as bip32 from 'bip32'

// Replace with your 12 or 24 word mnemonic:
const mnemonic = "borrow debate guard coconut chat polar loan stable render hazard true margin crash soon also leopard vehicle impose emotion sea amazing equal parade soldier"

// Common parameters
const account = 0
const index = 0

// ----- Deriving an Ethereum (MetaMask-like) private key -----
const coinTypeEthereum = 60  // EVM-based chains (Ethereum, etc.)
const seedEthereum: Buffer = mnemonicToSeedSync(mnemonic)
const masterKeyEthereum = bip32.fromSeed(seedEthereum)
const hdPathEthereum = `m/44'/${coinTypeEthereum}'/${account}'/0/${index}`
const ethereumHD = masterKeyEthereum.derivePath(hdPathEthereum)
const ethereumPrivateKey = ethereumHD.privateKey
const ethereumPublicKey = ethereumHD.publicKey

console.log("Ethereum (MetaMask) Private Key:", ethereumPrivateKey.toString('hex'))
console.log("Ethereum (MetaMask) Public Key:", ethereumPublicKey.toString('hex'))

Cosmos Wallet:

CLI

initiad keys add [key-name] --recover

# initiad keys add alice --recover
# > Enter your bip39 mnemonic
# borrow debate guard coconut chat polar loan stable render hazard true margin crash soon also leopard vehicle impose emotion sea amazing equal parade soldier

or if you have a private key:

initiad keys import-hex [key-name] [private-key] --key-type secp256k1

# initiad keys import-hex bob f3decd45241fc1a2d4b80f1449140b6cf67faf302b6c0f67f021337470a9c193 --key-type secp256k1

initiad keys add [key-name] --recover

# initiad keys add alice --recover
# > Enter your bip39 mnemonic
# borrow debate guard coconut chat polar loan stable render hazard true margin crash soon also leopard vehicle impose emotion sea amazing equal parade soldier

or if you have a private key:

initiad keys import-hex [key-name] [private-key] --key-type secp256k1

# initiad keys import-hex bob f3decd45241fc1a2d4b80f1449140b6cf67faf302b6c0f67f021337470a9c193 --key-type secp256k1

import { mnemonicToSeedSync } from 'bip39'
import * as bip32 from 'bip32'

// Replace with your 12 or 24 word mnemonic:
const mnemonic = "borrow debate guard coconut chat polar loan stable render hazard true margin crash soon also leopard vehicle impose emotion sea amazing equal parade soldier"

// Common parameters
const account = 0
const index = 0

// ----- Deriving a Cosmos (Keplr-like) private key -----
const coinTypeCosmos = 118  // Cosmos-based chains
const seedCosmos: Buffer = mnemonicToSeedSync(mnemonic)
const masterKeyCosmos = bip32.fromSeed(seedCosmos)
const hdPathCosmos = `m/44'/${coinTypeCosmos}'/${account}'/0/${index}`
const cosmosHD = masterKeyCosmos.derivePath(hdPathCosmos)
const cosmosPrivateKey = cosmosHD.privateKey
const cosmosPublicKey = cosmosHD.publicKey

console.log("Cosmos (Keplr) Private Key:", cosmosPrivateKey.toString('hex'))
console.log("Cosmos (Keplr) Public Key:", cosmosPublicKey.toString('hex'))

Assistant

Responses are generated using AI and may contain mistakes.